Qualitative Educational Perspectives on the Divergence and Convergence of Scientific Theory and Practice
B.H.S. Thimmappa
Alliance School of Sciences, Alliance University, Bangalore
https://doi.org/10.53656/nat2025-4.01
Abstract. Qualitative perspectives on the convergence and divergence of scientific theory and practice emphasize the shaping of scientific knowledge towards shared understanding. Sometimes these can move in different directions, creating divergence when theoretical models don’t accurately represent real-world scientific observations or when practical applications reveal limitations in current theories. Effective educational practice involving experimentation and theory can refine understanding, creating a dynamic interplay between the two.
Keywords: Qualitative perspectives, Theory and Practice, Convergence and Divergence, Learning improvement
Features in the Development of the Interdisciplinary Approach in Natural Science and Geography Teaching
Tsvetomir Favliyanov
Sofia University ,,Св. Климент Охридски“
https://doi.org/10.53656/nat2025-4.02
Резюме. The article argues the choice of the interdisciplinary approach as an effective method for increasing the motivation and engagement of students in natural sciences - biology, chemistry, physics, as well as geography, by connecting knowledge from different general education disciplines into a single meaningful whole. The interdisciplinary approach is associated with the active participation of students in the process of discovering interrelationships between scientific, humanitarian and artistic knowledge. It is considered a key tool in modern education, which encourages critical thinking, creativity and a complex understanding of real problems. Its implementation unites different topics from the curriculum, in particular in natural sciences and geography. The main stages of the implementation of an interdisciplinary approach in combination with project-based learning are related to: formulating a current problem or topic; researching and creating a final product and presenting the results obtained. The article has a methodological nature, related to the development, specifics, implementation and application of the interdisciplinary approach in Bulgarian schools.
Keywords: approach; learning; school; geography; natural sciences
Enrichment Curriculum for Preparation of Gifted Students for Chemistry Olympiads: Design and Implementation
Boris Tolev, Alexandria Gendjova
Sofia University
https://doi.org/10.53656/nat2025-4.03
Abstract. To meet the needs of mathematically gifted learners to develop their potential and demonstrate their talent in the field of Chemistry, a Enrichment curriculum was created. It is designed to provide preparation for 8th, 9th and 10th grade students for Chemistry оlympiads in extracurricular clubs at the Sofia Mathematical High School.
The curriculum is conceptually based and designed by determining: the educational needs of students, learning objectives, content, strategies and assessment. It is distinguished by providing challenging conceptual knowledge in chemistry, interdisciplinary connections with mathematics, solving complex and non-standard problems, encouraging creativity, inquiry and teamwork. The curriculum has been used successfully for over a decade in two public high schools. Indicators of its quality are: its long-term sustainability, transferability to other schools and the achievements of students (presented in a subsequent article).
Keywords: enrichment curriculum; gifted education; Chemistry оlympiads
Ecoeducational Interactive Games
Galya Aralova
Professional School of Design “Elisaveta Vazova” – Sofia (Bulgaria)
https://doi.org/10.53656/nat2025-4.04
Abstract. This article presents a pedagogical practice titled EcoEducational Interactive Games, implemented within the elective classes of the extended vocational training module Green Technologies in Design at the „Elissaveta Vazova“ Vocational High School of Design in Sofia, Bulgaria. The initiative involves 9th-grade students from the Graphic Design and Advertising Graphics programs. The practice integrates game-based learning, project-based instruction, experiential learning (learning by doing), and principles of ecological and sustainable design. It initiates the development of future ecodesigners with a focus on advertising, ecomarketing, and еcobranding. The article showcases eight ecoeducational games – seven tabletop and one digital - created and tested by the students. The practice is fully applicable to schools and specialized design programs, and the games are suitable for learners from grades 5 through 12.
These educational products are the result of an interdisciplinary and innovative approach that combines scientific knowledge in ecology and green technologies with practical skills in graphic design, advertising graphics, prototyping, modeling, and ecoentrepreneurship.
Keywords: tabletop and digital ecoeducational games; game-based learning; experiential learning; ecocompany; ecoentrepreneurship
Constructing an Experimental Equipment for Testing the Influence of Natural Gas – Hydrogen Mixture on the Production Tubing
Veselin Mitkov
University of Mining and Geology “St. Ivan Rilski”
https://doi.org/10.53656/nat2025-4.05
Abstract. An experimental equipment is constructed for testing the effect of gas-hydrogen mixture at different % hydrogen and methane contents (5%, 15%, 25%) on the steel tubing used for production and injection of gas wells for underground gas-hydrogen storage. The presented publication consists of 5 modules: Introduction to the problem that is at hand, theoretical look over the presented issue, the experimental equipment is shown and thoroughly explained, the steps necessary for conducting the experiment are shown, results and summarizing them. The results obtained from the conducted experiment show the potential of production and injection gas-hydrogen mixture with steel tubing for underground storage in underground gas storage facilities.
Keywords: hydrogen, steel pipeline, well tubing, hydrogen embrittlement
New Technology for Developing Hydrocarbon Reserves of Complex Reservoirs with Underlying Water
Miel Hofmann, Sudad H. Al-Obaidi
Mining University, Russia
Igor P. Kamensky
Scientific Research centre, Russia
https://doi.org/10.53656/nat2025-4.06
Abstract. This study presents a novel technique for developing complex oil reservoirs with bottom water. The method involves injecting freshwater below the oil-water contact (OWC) and subsequently stabilizing it with a polymer to create a barrier. This approach is designed to reduce water cut, enhance oil recovery (EOR), and sustain production rates in mature fields.
Based on an analysis of experimental and field data, criteria for the technology’s application have been established. A key mechanism is the reduction of permeability in terrigenous reservoirs following freshwater injection, a phenomenon confirmed by laboratory core studies. Using a radial hydrodynamic model, this study assessed the technology’s effects and performed a sensitivity analysis to optimize perforation placement and injected agent volume. The results can be used to evaluate not only freshwater but also other water-control agents, although field-specific core flow studies are necessary to justify any application.
The model also identified two primary mechanisms of bottom water inflow to production perforations. The first is water coning, which is driven by production-induced pressure gradients. The second mechanism is channeling along the casing string, which is caused by factors like poor cement quality or the presence of natural and induced fractures. Finally, a calculation of production losses resulting from this water flow was performed.
Keywords: Freshwater, OWC, Underlying water, Water cut, EOR
Cross-mania, Flagomania and Other Anti-nature Manifestations in the Mountains in Bulgaria
Zlatozar Boev
National Museum of Natural History – Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
https://doi.org/10.53656/nat2025-4.07
Abstract. Some aspects of the negative impact on mountain landscapes in Bulgaria resulting from the expression of Bulgarian national and religious identity – the building of high crosses, flag poles, chapels, etc. are presented.
Keywords: preservation of natural landscapes; monumental building in the mountains; modern religious building; material expression of patriotism; natural and cultural heritage
