{"id":38295,"date":"2013-06-13T09:23:08","date_gmt":"2013-06-13T06:23:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/new.azbuki.bg\/philosophy\/philosophyarticles\/philosophy-volume-21-number-2-2013\/"},"modified":"2019-06-24T17:32:28","modified_gmt":"2019-06-24T14:32:28","slug":"philosophy-volume-21-number-2-2013","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mathinfo.azbuki.bg\/en\/philosophy\/philosophyarticles\/philosophy-volume-21-number-2-2013\/","title":{"rendered":"Philosophy, Number 2\/2013, Volume 22"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong><a name=\"top\">&nbsp;<\/a>\u0421\u042a\u0414\u042a\u0420\u0416\u0410\u041d\u0418\u0415 \/ CONTENTS<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0421\u042a\u0417\u041d\u0410\u041d\u0418\u0415\u0422\u041e \/ THE CONSCIOUSNESS<\/strong><br \/>\u0421\u044a\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435 <br \/>[Consciousness and Time] \/ <br \/><em>\u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044a\u0440 \u0410\u043d\u0434\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432 \/ Alexander Andonov<\/em> &#8211; \u0441\u0442\u0440. 139<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mathinfo.azbuki.bg\/en\/member-login\/\">Log in to read the full text<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#art02\">\u0425\u0435\u0433\u0435\u043b \u0438 \u041b\u0435\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0441 \u0437\u0430 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0410\u0437\u0430 <\/a><br \/><a href=\"#art02\">[Hegel \u0430nd Levinas About the Alter Ego]<\/a> \/ <br \/><em>\u041c\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0414\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430 \/ Maria Dimitrova<\/em> &#8211; \u0441\u0442\u0440.&nbsp; 144<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mathinfo.azbuki.bg\/en\/member-login\/\">Log in to read the full text<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#art03\">\u201e\u0412\u044a\u0437\u043f\u044f\u0432\u0430\u043c \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0442\u044f\u043b\u043e\u201c <\/a><br \/><a href=\"#art03\">[\u201eI Sing the Body Electric\u201c]<\/a> \/<br \/><em>\u0410\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u041a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0433\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0435\u0432\u0430 \/ Aneta Karageorgieva<\/em>&#8211; \u0441\u0442\u0440. 149<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mathinfo.azbuki.bg\/en\/member-login\/\">Log in to read the full text<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#art04\">\u0421\u044a\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0435\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0441 <\/a><br \/><a href=\"#art04\">[Mind as an Explanans]<\/a> \/ <br \/><em>\u0414\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0442\u044a\u0440 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432 \/ Dimitar Ivanov&nbsp;<\/em>&#8211; \u0441\u0442\u0440. 155<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mathinfo.azbuki.bg\/en\/member-login\/\">Log in to read the full text<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#art05\">\u041a\u044a\u043c \u0432\u044a\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0447\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430 <\/a><br \/>[Towards the Question Concerning the Nature of Mind] \/ <br \/>\u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043d \u042f\u043d\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435\u0432 \/ Constantin Yanakiev- \u0441\u0442\u0440. 160<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mathinfo.azbuki.bg\/en\/member-login\/\">Log in to read the full text<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#art06\">\u0417\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 <\/a><br \/><a href=\"#art06\">[Knowledge, Cognition, Competency]<\/a> \/ <br \/><em>\u0412\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043d \u0414\u0430\u0444\u043e\u0432 \/ Vesselin Dafov<\/em>&#8211; \u0441\u0442\u0440. 169<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mathinfo.azbuki.bg\/en\/member-login\/\">Log in to read the full text<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u0418\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438 \u0438\u043c\u043f\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u044a\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0432\u044a\u0432 \u0432\u044a\u0437\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430<br \/>[Interntional Implications of the Consciousness in the Perception of Architecture] \/ <br \/><em>\u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d \u041a\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0432 \/ Ivan Kolev<\/em>&#8211; \u0441\u0442\u0440. 181<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mathinfo.azbuki.bg\/en\/member-login\/\">Log in to read the full text<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0421\u041e\u0426\u0418\u0410\u041b\u041d\u0410 \u0424\u0418\u041b\u041e\u0421\u041e\u0424\u0418\u042f \/ SOCIAL PHILOSOPHY<\/strong><br \/><a href=\"#art07\">\u0410\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u043c <br \/>[Anti-Charismatic Mind] <\/a>\/ <br \/><em>\u0414\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0442\u044a\u0440 \u0422\u0430\u0444\u043a\u043e\u0432 \/ Dimitar Tafkov<\/em>&#8211; \u0441\u0442\u0440. 190<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mathinfo.azbuki.bg\/en\/member-login\/\">Log in to read the full text<\/a><\/p>\n<p> <a href=\"#art08\">\u0421\u0430\u043c\u044e\u044a\u043b \u0425\u044a\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0442\u044a\u043d: \u0418\u0434\u0435\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b <\/a><br \/><a href=\"#art08\">[Samuel Huntington: Ideas for National Security and Civil Control]<\/a>\/ <br \/><em>\u041a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043d \u041c\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0432 \/ Kostadin Mihov<\/em>&#8211; \u0441\u0442\u0440. 199<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mathinfo.azbuki.bg\/en\/member-login\/\">Log in to read the full text<\/a><\/p>\n<p> <a href=\"#art10\">\u0412\u044a\u0437\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0416\u0430\u043d-\u0416\u0430\u043a \u0420\u0443\u0441\u043e \u0438 \u0420\u043e\u0431\u044a\u0440\u0442 \u041d\u043e\u0437\u0438\u043a<\/a><br \/><a href=\"#art10\">[Views of Freedom By Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Robert Nozick] <\/a>\/<br \/><em>\u041d\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438\u044f \u0412\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \/ Natalia Vitanova<\/em>&#8211; \u0441\u0442\u0440.204<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mathinfo.azbuki.bg\/en\/member-login\/\">Log in to read the full text<\/a><\/p>\n<p> <a href=\"#art11\">\u0421\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043d\u0438\u043d \u043e\u0442 \u0435\u043f\u043e\u0445\u0430\u0442\u0430 <\/a><br \/> \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0430\u0440\u0445\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u0442\u044f\u0445\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u0430 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0434 <br \/> \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0425\u0430\u0434\u0436\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0432 \u201e\u0431\u0438\u0442 \u0438 \u0434\u0443\u0448\u0435\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u201c <br \/>[Specific Features of the Employment of Bulgarian Peasants Era of Patriarchy<br \/>and Their Importance in Shaping the Worldview of Bulgarian Society as Ivan Hadzhiyski <br \/>in \u201eCustoms and Spirit of Our Peasants\u201d] \/ <br \/><em>\u0413\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0433\u0438 \u0425\u0430\u0434\u0436\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438 \/ Georgi Hadjiyski<\/em>&#8211; \u0441\u0442\u0440. 214&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mathinfo.azbuki.bg\/en\/member-login\/\">Log in to read the full text<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0415\u041a\u0417\u0418\u0421\u0422\u0415\u041d\u0426\u0418\u0410\u041b\u041d\u0410 \u0424\u0418\u041b\u041e\u0421\u041e\u0424\u0418\u042f \/ PHILOSOPHY OF EXISTENCE<\/strong><br \/> <a href=\"#art12\">\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044a\u0442 \u0437\u0430 \u0442\u044f\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0441\u043c\u044a\u0440\u0442\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u0441\u043c\u044a\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e<br \/>[The Issue of the Body Between Death and Immortality] <\/a>\/ <br \/><em>\u0412\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0421\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430 \/ Veselina Slavova<\/em> &#8211; \u0441\u0442\u0440. 222<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mathinfo.azbuki.bg\/en\/member-login\/\">Log in to read the full text<\/a><\/p>\n<p> <strong>\u0424\u0418\u041b\u041e\u0421\u041e\u0424\u0421\u041a\u0410 \u0414\u0418\u0414\u0410\u041a\u0422\u0418\u041a\u0410 \/ PHILOSOPHY DIDACTICS<\/strong> <br \/><a href=\"#art13\">\u041d\u0430\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0442\u0430 \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0444\u0438\u044f<br \/>[The Role of Visuals in Teaching Philosophy]<\/a> \/ <br \/>\u0418\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0434\u0430 \u041c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430 \/ Ilinida Markova- \u0441\u0442\u0440. 233<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mathinfo.azbuki.bg\/en\/member-login\/\">Log in to read the full text<\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a name=\"art01\"><strong>\u0421\u042a\u0417\u041d\u0410\u041d\u0418\u0415 \u0418 \u0412\u0420\u0415\u041c\u0415<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044a\u0440 \u0410\u043d\u0434\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432<\/strong><br \/><em>Sofia University<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract.<\/strong> \u0421 \u0442\u043e\u0437\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043c \u0442\u0435\u0437\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u044f\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u043c\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e \u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u0436\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043e, \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u044a\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e<br \/>\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0449\u043e, \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043d\u043e \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u0445\u0443\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0441\u044a\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u0421\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0432\u044a\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u0441\u0435, \u0437\u0430 \u043e\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043c\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0445\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043e\u043d\u0442, <br \/>\u043a\u043e\u0439\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0432\u0430 \u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435.<br \/>\u0422\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0430: \u0421\u044a\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0435 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0430\u043b\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0443\u0431\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0435\u043d\u0435; \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u0438 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0443\u0431\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442.<br \/>\u0417\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u044f\u0441\u043d\u044f\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u0437\u0438 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u0435 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e \u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0434 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044f. \u041f\u044a\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u0430\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e. <br \/>\u0412\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0442 \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043c\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0435 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u0433\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0443\u0431\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u0441\u044a\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e.<br \/>\u0422\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u0435 \u0441\u0432\u044a\u0440\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0441\u044a\u0441 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0443\u0431\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0441\u044a\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0449\u0430 \u0441\u0435.<br \/><em>Keywords:<\/em> consciousness, timing, subjectification, discoveries, spirituality<\/p>\n<p> <strong>CONSCIOUSNESS AND TIME<\/strong><br \/><strong><br \/>Abstract.<\/strong> The aim of this study is to formulate a thesis which allows the meaningful unification of the understandings of the realities of the non-living <br \/>and the living, of consciousness in general, including the differences between scientific and humanitarian consciousness. I have in mind, of course, the drawing <br \/>of a horizon of meanings which allows such a unification. The thesis can be formulated in the following way: Consciousness is a universal subjectification of timing; <br \/>the timing of object-reality and the timing of subject-reality. In order to clarify this formulation it is necessary to take into consideration at least three discoveries. <br \/>The first discovery is related to the differentiation of the reality of time. The second one concerns the differentiation of cognition from logical thinking. <br \/>The third discovery is related to the specifics of subject-reality as self-creating.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Alexander Andonov, Prof. Dr. Habil.<\/strong><br \/>Sofia University \u201eSt. Kl. Ohridski\u201c<br \/>15, Tzar Osvoboditel Blvd.<br \/>1504, Sofia, Bulgaria<br \/><a href=\"mailto:alandonov@abv.bg\">&nbsp;<\/a>\u0415-mail: <a href=\"#top\">alandonov@abv.bg<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#top\"><em>\u043d\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0435<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong><a name=\"art02\">&nbsp;<\/a>\u0425\u0415\u0413\u0415\u041b \u0418 \u041b\u0415\u0412\u0418\u041d\u0410\u0421 \u0417\u0410 \u0414\u0420\u0423\u0413\u041e\u0422\u041e \u041d\u0410 \u0410\u0417\u0410<\/strong><br \/><strong><br \/>\u041c\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0414\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430<\/strong><br \/><em>Sofia University<\/em><br \/><strong><br \/>Abstract. <\/strong>\u0422\u044a\u0436\u0434\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u0441\u0443\u0431\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0443 \u0410\u0437\u0430 \u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u0442\u0430\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0414\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u044f. \u0414\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u044f\u0442 \u043d\u0435 \u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043e,<br \/>\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f\u044a\u0442, arche, \u0430 \u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u044a\u0434 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f \u0438 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043d\u043e \u0435 \u0430\u043d-\u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u044f.<br \/><em><br \/>Keywords:<\/em> Alter Ego, Dasein, identity<\/p>\n<p><strong>HEGEL AND LEVINAS ABOUT THE ALTER EGO<\/strong><br \/><strong><br \/>Abstract.<\/strong> The identity of the objective and subjective in the Ego is a result of the responsibility in relation to the Other. The Other is not the beginning, <br \/>the principle, arche, but it is beyond every principle and therefore it is an-archy.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Prof. Maria Dimitrova<\/strong><br \/>Sofia University \u201eSt. Kl. Ohridski\u201c<br \/>15, Tzar Osvoboditel Blvd.<br \/>1504, Sofia, Bulgaria<br \/>\u0415-mail: <a href=\"mailto:mabigar@abv.bg\">mabigar@abv.bg<\/a>;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#top\"><em>\u043d\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0435<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong><a name=\"art03\">&nbsp;<\/a>\u201e\u0412\u042a\u0417\u041f\u042f\u0412\u0410\u041c \u0415\u041b\u0415\u041a\u0422\u0420\u0418\u0427\u0415\u0421\u041a\u041e\u0422\u041e \u0422\u042f\u041b\u041e\u201c<\/strong><br \/><strong><br \/>Aneta Karageorgieva<\/strong><br \/><em>Sofia University<\/em><br \/><strong><br \/>Abstract.<\/strong> \u0421\u044a\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0442 \u0434\u0435\u0431\u0430\u0442 \u0437\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u044a\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0435 \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0435\u043d \u0432\u044a\u0432 \u0432\u0440\u044a\u0437\u043a\u0430 \u0441 \u0442\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0442.\u043d\u0430\u0440. \u0435\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0435\u043d \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u044a\u043c, \u0447\u0435 \u0434\u0443\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0437\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u044a\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u044f (\u0443\u0431\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0432\u0435, \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0438 \u0438 \u0442.\u043d.) \u043d\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438 \u0444\u0435\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438, \u0430 \u0441\u0430 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043a\u0438\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0441\u0438\u0445\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f. \u0412\u044a\u0437 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u043c\u043f\u0438\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0438, \u0438\u0434\u0432\u0430\u0449\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430, \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0438\u044f\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442 \u0430\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0430, \u0447\u0435 \u0435\u043c\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0441\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044a\u043f\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0437\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u0438\u0442\u043e \u0433\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0432\u044f\u0432\u0430\u0442, \u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e \u043e\u0442 \u0435\u0437\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043a\u0438\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0441\u0438\u0445\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442 \u0437\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u044a\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u041f\u044a\u0440\u0432\u0438\u044f\u0442 \u0430\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0438\u0437\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0437\u0432\u0430 \u0435\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0410. \u0414\u0430\u043c\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043e \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u043c\u043e\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0447\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043a\u044a\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0441\u044a\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0412\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442 \u0430\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u044a\u043f\u0432\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0435\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u041c. \u0413\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0430 \u0438 \u0414\u0436. \u041b\u0435\u0434\u0443, \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u043a\u043e\u0438\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0432\u044f\u0432\u0430\u0449\u0438\u044f\u0442 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0435\u043c\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0434\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u0434\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430 \u0442\u044f\u0445 \u0438 \u0434\u0430 \u0433\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0437\u0432\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0441\u044a\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044a\u043f \u0434\u043e \u0435\u0437\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0437\u044a\u043a\u0430. \u0422\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438\u044f\u0442 \u0430\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0438\u0437\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0437\u0432\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0414. \u0414\u044a\u0442\u044a\u043d, \u0410. \u0410\u0440\u044a\u043d \u0438 \u041f. \u0415\u043a\u043c\u0430\u043d, \u0437\u0430 \u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u044a\u0432 \u0432\u044a\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u043c\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0438\u0442\u0435, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u0447\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0435\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0441\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0430 \u0441\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u0435\u043c\u043e\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0442. <br \/>\u0412 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0438\u0433\u0430 \u0434\u043e \u0442\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0430, \u0447\u0435 \u0435\u043c\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435 \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0432\u0438\u0434 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u044a\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043a\u043e\u0438\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0442 \u0434\u0430 \u0431\u044a\u0434\u0430\u0442 \u0435\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438, \u0437\u0430\u0449\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0443\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0437\u0430 \u0442\u044f\u0445 \u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0440\u0435\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0432 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430.<br \/><em><br \/>Keywords:<\/em> mental states, eliminativism, emotions, body<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u201eI SING THE BODY ELECTRIC\u201c<\/strong><br \/><strong><br \/>Abstract<\/strong>. Contemporary debates about the mind\u2019s constituting elements are particularly lively regarding the thesis of the so called eliminative materialism that the mental states words (beliefs, desires, fears, hopes, etc.) do not refer to real phenomena but are part of the fallacious vocabulary of folk psychology. Based on empirical evidence coming from neuroscience, this paper argues that emotions have bodily nature, are accessible to the experiencer independently of folk psychological linguistic conventions and, therefore, they should be accepted as genuine mental states. The first argument steps on A. Damasio\u2019s experiment showing that emotions have priority over logical reasoning in guiding behavior towards rational decisions. The second argument makes use of observations and experiments made by M. Gazzaniga and J. LeDoux in which it becomes clear that the experiencers of certain emotions are able to report the latter and use them as guides to behavioral response in the absence of access to the brain\u2019s language system. <br \/>The third argument is based on discoveries by D. Dutton, A. Aron and P. Eckman and tries to establish the priority of physical responses in emergence and functional description of emotions; those experiments lead to the conclusion that emotions are not simply accompanying effects of bodily changes but are constitutive for emotional experience. Hence, the thesis is put forward that emotions form at least one kind of mental states that cannot be eliminated as emotion words possess genuine referents in the world.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Prof. Aneta Karageorgieva, Dr. Sc.<\/strong><br \/>Sofia University \u201eSt. Kl. Ohridski\u201c<br \/>15, Tzar Osvoboditel Blvd.<br \/>1504, Sofia, Bulgaria<br \/>E-mail: <a href=\"mailto:anetakarageor@yahoo.com\">anetakarageor@yahoo.com<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#top\"><em>\u043d\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0435<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong><a name=\"art04\">&nbsp;<\/a>\u0421\u042a\u0417\u041d\u0410\u041d\u0418\u0415\u0422\u041e \u041a\u0410\u0422\u041a\u0410\u0422\u041e \u0415\u041a\u0421\u041f\u0415\u041a\u0421\u041f\u041b\u0410\u041d\u0410\u041d\u0421<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0414\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0442\u044a\u0440 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432<\/strong><br \/><em>Sofia University<\/em><br \/><strong><br \/>Abstract.<\/strong> \u0412 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u0431\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043c \u043d\u0430\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043a\u043e \u0434\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u043b\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u044a\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0443\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0443\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u201e\u0441\u044a\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u201c \u0438 \u0441\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0447\u0432\u0430\u043c \u043a\u044a\u043c \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043c\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0443\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u0437\u0438 \u0434\u0443\u043c\u0430 \u0432 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u041b\u0443\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0433 \u0412\u0438\u0442\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0430\u0439\u043d \u0438 \u0413\u0438\u043b\u0431\u044a\u0440\u0442 \u0420\u0430\u0439\u043b. \u041f\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043c, \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043a\u0438\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0435\u0437\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430, \u0447\u0435 \u201e\u0441\u044a\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u201c \u0435 \u0447\u0430\u0434\u044a\u0440\u0435\u043d \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d, \u043e\u0431\u0445\u0432\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0449 \u0438\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u0438\u0442\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u0441\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0437\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0441 \u043a\u043e\u0433\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0441 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0438 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0438. \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0447\u0432\u0430\u043c \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0430 \u0430\u0431\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0437\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u044a\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0438 \u2013 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430 \u0430\u0431\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f. \u041d\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0430\u0431\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u043a\u044a\u043c \u0444\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0444\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e \u0447\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043a\u0438\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0435\u0437\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0442\u0432\u044a\u0440\u0434\u044f, \u0447\u0435 \u0441\u044a\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0435 \u0435\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0443\u043c (\u043a\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e \u0434\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0444\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0444\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u044a\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e), \u0430 \u0435\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0441 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e. \u0417\u0430\u0432\u044a\u0440\u0448\u0432\u0430\u043c \u0441 \u0430\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0432\u044a\u0440\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e, \u0447\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u201e\u0441\u044a\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u201c \u0432 \u0440\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0443\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0438<br \/>\u0437\u0430 \u0444\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0444\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u044a\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e.<\/p>\n<p><em>Keywords:<\/em> mind, explanans, explanandum, behavior, language<\/p>\n<p><strong>MIND AS AN EXPLANANS<\/strong><br \/><strong><br \/>Abstract.<\/strong> In this paper I sketch out the two fundamental problems before na\u00efve linguistic realism in regards to the usage of the word \u201emind\u201c and then I turn <br \/>to an analysis on the meaningful usage of that word along the lines of the tradition embodied in the works of Ludwig Wittgenstein and Gilbert Ryle. On the basis <br \/>of everyday linguistic practice I take \u201emind\u201c to be an \u201eumbrella\u201c term referring to expressions that describe behavior or behavioral attitudes. I claim that these <br \/>expressions have communicative rather than cognitive value. I distinguish between two kinds of abduction from which these expressions originate \u2013 classical <br \/>(or epistemological) and semantic abduction. I use abduction as a characteristic that describes the origin of \u201emental\u201c vocabulary in order to refer to philosophy <br \/>of science as a discipline that bears relevance to \u201emind\u201c in terms of its explanatory specifics. Then I claim that \u201emind\u201c is not explanandum (as philosophy of mind <br \/>seems to render it) but rather an explanans, the real explanandum being behavior. I conclude with an argumentation on the thesis that assuming a proto-theoretical <br \/>term like \u201emind\u201c to be an explanandum constitutes serious problems before the philosophy of mind.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Dimitar Ivanov, Assist. Prof.<\/strong><br \/>Sofia University \u201eSt. Kl. Ohridski\u201c<br \/>15, Tzar Osvoboditel Blvd.<br \/>1504, Sofia, Bulgaria<br \/>E-mail: <a href=\"mailto:d.elchinov@gmail.com\">d.elchinov@gmail.com<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#top\"><em>\u043d\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0435<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong><a name=\"art05\">&nbsp;<\/a>\u041a\u042a\u041c \u0412\u042a\u041f\u0420\u041e\u0421\u0410 \u0417\u0410 \u041f\u0420\u0418\u0420\u041e\u0414\u0410\u0422\u0410 \u041d\u0410 \u0427\u041e\u0412\u0415\u041a\u0410<\/strong><br \/><strong><br \/>\u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043d \u042f\u043d\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435\u0432<\/strong><br \/><em>Sofia University<\/em><br \/><strong><br \/>Abstract.<\/strong> \u0412 \u0442\u043e\u0437\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434 \u043e\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u044a\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0434\u0440\u0430 \u201e\u0424\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0444\u0438\u044f\u201c (\u0421\u0423 \u201e\u0421\u0432. \u041a\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u041e\u0445\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0438\u201c) \u0441\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430 \u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043c \u043e\u0442 \u0444\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0444\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u044a\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0431\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0433 \u043d\u0430 \u0447\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0441\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u0430 \u0447\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0448\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0447\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430 (\u0437\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043c\u0443 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e \u0442\u044f\u043b\u043e \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u044a\u043c). \u041d\u0438\u0442\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0444\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430, \u043d\u0438\u0442\u043e \u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0442 \u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0442 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u044a\u0432 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0431\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0433 \u0432\u044a\u0442\u0440\u0435 \u0432 \u0447\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430. \u041f\u043e \u0441\u044a\u0449\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d \u0441\u044a\u0449\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0448\u0430\u0445\u043c\u0430\u0442\u043d\u0430 \u0444\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438 \u0432 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0444\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430. \u0422\u043e\u0432\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438 \u0447\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u0447\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a, \u0435 \u0440\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0442\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u044f\u0442\u043e \u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u0437\u043f\u044a\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0445\u043e\u0440\u0430, \u0441\u044a\u0449\u043e \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e \u0441\u044a\u0449\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0448\u0430\u0445\u043c\u0430\u0442\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0444\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430, \u043f\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0439\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0435 \u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0435 \u0441 \u043d\u0435\u044f.&nbsp; <br \/>\u201e\u0421\u044a\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e\u201c \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0432\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0447\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0442 \u0434\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0442 \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0441\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0447\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0448\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f. \u0412 \u043e\u0442\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u044a\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430 \u201e\u0417\u0430\u0449\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044a\u043f\u0432\u0430\u0448 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0430?\u201c \u0442\u0440\u044f\u0431\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0447\u0430\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430, \u0437\u0430\u0434\u044a\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438,&nbsp; \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0438 \u0438 \u0434\u0440.<br \/><em><br \/>Keywords:<\/em> mind (consciousness), humans, role, soul, thinking substance, neuroscience<\/p>\n<p><strong>TOWARDS THE QUESTION CONCERNING THE NATATURE OF MIND<\/strong><br \/><strong><br \/>\u0410bstract.<\/strong> This paper is a written version of a talk given at the conference on consciousness of the Sofia University\u2019s Department of Philosophy. It suggests that the philosophical concept of mind should be given up as a distinctive feature of human beings and as an explanation of human behaviour (in contrast with what a human does merely as a physical body or organism). Neither philosophy, nor natural science can find such a distinctive feature within a human. Analogously one cannot find the essence of a piece of chess in its material or shape. What confers to a human her\/his human quality is the role she\/he plays among other people, in the same way as the essence of a piece of chess is defined by the way it is played with. Neither can \u201emind\u201c nor neural processes explain human behaviour: as an answer to the question \u201eWhy are you acting like this?\u201c rights, duties, tasks, methods, etc. are to be pointed to.<br \/><strong><br \/>Assoc. Prof. Constantin Yanakiev<\/strong><br \/>Sofia University \u201eSt. Kl. Ohridski\u201c<br \/>15, Tzar Osvoboditel Blvd.<br \/>1504, Sofia, Bulgaria<br \/>E-mail: <a href=\"mailto:const@mail.bg\">const@mail.bg<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#top\"><em>\u043d\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0435<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong><a name=\"art06\">&nbsp;<\/a>\u0417\u041d\u0410\u041d\u0418\u0415, \u0423\u041c\u0415\u041d\u0418\u0415 \u0418 \u041a\u041e\u041c\u041f\u0415\u0422\u0415\u041d\u0422\u041d\u041e\u0421\u0422<\/strong><br \/><strong><br \/>Vesselin Dafov<\/strong><br \/><em>Sofia University<\/em><br \/><strong><br \/>Abstract.<\/strong> \u0421\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u044f \u043d\u0430\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043a\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u0443\u0431\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043d\u043e-\u043e\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0437\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e, \u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0442\u0430. \u041e\u0431\u0441\u044a\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0442 \u0441\u0435 \u043e\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430 \u0442\u044f\u0445\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u0438 \u0432\u044a\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435. \u041f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u0441\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u043e\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u0438\u0437\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438,<br \/>\u0430 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u2013 \u0437\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e.<br \/><em><br \/>Keywords:<\/em> ontology, knowledge, skill, competence<\/p>\n<p><strong>KNOWLEDGE, COGNITION, COMPETENCY<\/strong><br \/><strong><br \/>Abstract.<\/strong> The results of a study, based on the subject-ontological approach, into the field of knowledge, skills and competence are presented <br \/>in this paper, where the foundations of their \u201ecoming-into-being\u201c and \u201erealizing\u201c are discussed. It is demonstrated how these results affect such fields <br \/>like education and teaching where the engagement of building and improvement of knowledge, skills and competence is a leading idea.<br \/><strong><br \/>Assoc. Prof. Vesselin Dafov<\/strong><br \/>Sofia University \u201eSt. Kl. Ohridski\u201c<br \/>15, Tzar Osvoboditel Blvd.<br \/>1504, Sofia, Bulgaria<br \/><a href=\"mailto:dafov@hotmail.com\">dafov@hotmail.com<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#top\"><em>\u043d\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0435<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong><a name=\"art07\">&nbsp;<\/a>\u0410\u041d\u0422\u0418\u0425\u0410\u0420\u0418\u0417\u041c\u0410\u0422\u0418\u0427\u041d\u0418\u042f\u0422 \u0420\u0410\u0417\u0423\u041c<\/strong><br \/><strong><br \/>\u0414\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0442\u044a\u0440 \u0422\u0430\u0444\u043a\u043e\u0432<\/strong><br \/><em>Sofia University<\/em><br \/><strong><br \/>Abstract.<\/strong> \u0421\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u041c\u0430\u043a\u0441 \u0412\u0435\u0431\u0435\u0440 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043e\u0432\u0441\u0435\u043a\u0438\u0434\u043d\u044f\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0433\u0443\u0431\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u0440\u043e\u043b\u044f \u0438 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0436\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0442. \u041c\u043e\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0437\u0430 \u0435 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0430: <br \/>\u0442\u044f \u0433\u0443\u0431\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e, \u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u0436\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0445\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430. \u041f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u201e\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u043c\u201c \u0432 \u0434\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u043e <br \/>\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435 \u0435 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d \u043e\u0442 \u0430\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043c\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430.<br \/><em><br \/>Keywords:<\/em> charisma, leadership, madness, mind, human relations, confidence<\/p>\n<p><strong>ANTI-CHARISMATIC MIND<\/strong><br \/><strong><br \/>Abstract.<\/strong> According to Max Weber, routinization of charismatic authority leads to losing charisma\u2019s role and importance in society. <br \/>My thesis is different: charismatic authority loses of its positive but it does not of its negative presence in people\u2019s lives and in society. The present-day <br \/>appearance of anti-charismatic mind is one of my supporting arguments.<br \/><strong><br \/>Prof. Dimitar Tafkov<\/strong><br \/>Sofia University \u201eSt. Kl. Ohridski\u201c<br \/>15, Tzar Osvoboditel Blvd.<br \/>1504, Sofia, Bulgaria<br \/>e-mail: <a href=\"mailto:dtafkov@yahoo.com\">dtafkov@yahoo.com<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#top\"><em>\u043d\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0435<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong><a name=\"art08\">&nbsp;<\/a>\u0421\u0410\u041c\u042e\u042a\u041b \u0425\u042a\u041d\u0422\u0418\u041d\u0413\u0422\u042a\u041d: \u0418\u0414\u0415\u0418 \u0417\u0410 \u041d\u0410\u0426\u0418\u041e\u041d\u0410\u041b\u041d\u0410\u0422\u0410\u041d\u0410\u0422\u0410\u041d\u0410\u0422\u0410 \u0421\u0418\u0413\u0423\u0420\u041d\u041e\u0421\u0422<\/strong> <strong>\u0418 \u0413\u0420\u0410\u0416\u0414\u0410\u041d\u0421\u041a\u0418\u042f \u041a\u041e\u041d\u0422\u0420\u041e\u041b<\/strong><br \/><strong><br \/>\u041a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043d \u041c\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0432<\/strong><br \/><em>South-West University \u201cNeofit Rilski\u201d<\/em><br \/><strong><br \/>Abstract.<\/strong> \u0426\u0435\u043b\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u0435 \u0434\u0430 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0425\u044a\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0442\u044a\u043d \u0437\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u0431\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0430 \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0446\u0438\u0438. \u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c \u0435, \u0447\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0442 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0435 \u0433\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043e.<br \/><em><br \/>Keywords:<\/em> national security, civil-military relations, civil control<\/p>\n<p><strong>SAMUEL HUNTINGTONTON: IDEAS FOR NATIONANATIONAL SECURITY AND CIVIL CONTROL<\/strong><br \/><strong><br \/>Abstract.<\/strong> The aim of the paper is to analyze Huntington\u2019s ideas about national security and its dependence on the balance in the relationship between civil and military institutions. The main issue is that the correct model of the relationship between citizens and military is a guarantee for the security of society.<br \/><strong><br \/>Kostadin Mihov PhD student<\/strong><br \/>South-West University \u201eNeofit Rilski\u201c<br \/>66 Ivan Michailov st., Room 1486<br \/>2700 Blagoevgrad, Bulgaria<br \/>E-mail: <a href=\"mailto:Buda69@abv.bg\">Buda69@abv.bg<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#top\"><em>\u043d\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0435<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong><a name=\"art10\">&nbsp;<\/a>\u0412\u042a\u0417\u0413\u041b\u0415\u0414\u0418\u0422\u0415 \u0417\u0410 \u0421\u0412\u041e\u0411\u041e\u0414\u0410\u0422\u0410 \u041d\u0410 \u0416\u0410\u041d-\u0416\u0410\u041a \u0420\u0423\u0421\u041e \u0418 \u0420\u041e\u0411\u042a\u0420\u0422 \u041d\u041e\u0417\u0418\u041a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Natalia Vitanova<\/strong><br \/><em>Episkop Konstantin Preslavski Shumen University<\/em><br \/><strong>Abstract.<\/strong> \u0412 \u0442\u0430\u0437\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0432\u044a\u0437\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0420\u0443\u0441\u043e \u0438 \u041d\u043e\u0437\u0438\u043a \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0430. \u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043d \u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0442 \u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 <br \/>\u0432 \u0441\u0445\u0432\u0430\u0449\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0444\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0444\u0438.<br \/><em><br \/>Keywords:<\/em> freedom, State, rights, property, equality, redistribution<\/p>\n<p><strong>VIEWS OF FREEDOM BY JEAN-JACQUES ROUSSEAU AND ROBERT NOZICK<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract.<\/strong> The article presents the views of Rousseau and Nozick about freedom.<br \/>An attempt was made to identify similarities and differences in the perceptions of the two philosophers.<br \/><strong><br \/>Assoc. Prof. Natalia Vitanova<\/strong><br \/>Episkop Konstantin Preslavksi Shumen University<br \/>115 Universitetska Str.<br \/>9712, Shumen, Bulgaria<br \/>E-mail: <a href=\"mailto:omerzen@abv.bg\">omerzen@abv.bg<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#top\"><em>\u043d\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0435<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong><a name=\"art11\">&nbsp;<\/a>\u0421\u041f\u0415\u0426\u0418\u0424\u0418\u0427\u041d\u0418\u0422\u0415 \u041e\u0421\u041e\u0411\u0415\u041d\u041e\u0421\u0422\u0418 \u041d\u0410 \u0422\u0420\u0423\u0414\u041e\u0412\u0410\u0422\u0410 \u0414\u0415\u0419\u041d\u041e\u0421\u0422 \u041d\u0410 \u0411\u042a\u041b\u0413\u0410\u0413\u0410\u0420\u0421\u041a\u0418\u042f \u0421\u0415\u041b\u042f\u041d\u0418\u041d \u041e\u0422 \u0415\u041f\u041e\u0425\u0410\u0422\u0410 \u041d\u0410 \u041f\u0410\u0422\u0420\u0418\u0410\u0420\u0425\u0410\u0422\u0410<br \/> \u0418 \u0422\u042f\u0425\u041d\u041e\u0422\u041e \u0417\u041d\u0410\u0427\u0415\u041d\u0418\u0415 \u0417\u0410 \u0424\u041e\u0420\u041c\u0418\u0420\u0410\u041d\u0415\u0422\u041e \u041d\u0410 \u0426\u0415\u041d\u041d\u041e\u0421\u0422\u041d\u0418\u042f \u041c\u0418\u0420\u041e\u0413\u041b\u0415\u0414 \u041d\u0410 \u0411\u042a\u041b\u0413\u0410\u0413\u0410\u0420\u0421\u041a\u041e\u0422\u041e \u041e\u0411\u0429\u0415\u0421\u0422\u0412\u041e \u0421\u041f\u041e\u0420\u0415\u0414 \u0418\u0412\u0410\u041d \u0425\u0410\u0414\u0416\u0418\u0419\u0421\u041a\u0418<br \/> \u0412 \u201e\u0411\u0418\u0422 \u0418 \u0414\u0423\u0428\u0415\u0412\u041d\u041e\u0421\u0422 \u041d\u0410 \u041d\u0410\u0428\u0418\u042f \u041d\u0410\u0420\u041e\u0414\u201c<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0413\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0433\u0438 \u0425\u0430\u0434\u0436\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438<\/strong><br \/><strong><br \/>Abstract.<\/strong> \u201e\u0411\u0438\u0442 \u0438 \u0434\u0443\u0448\u0435\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u201c \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0442 \u0437\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435. \u0412\u043b\u0438\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f, \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0438\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0435 \u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043b \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u044a\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0430\u0440\u0445\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043d\u0438\u043d \u0432\u044a\u0440\u0445\u0443 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438:<br \/>\u2013 \u0420\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0431\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e; \u043b\u0438\u043f\u0441\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u0432\u044a\u0440\u0445\u0443 \u0437\u0435\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u0432 \u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043d\u043e-\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e<br \/>\u0431\u0435\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0435; \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u0432\u044a\u0440\u0445\u0443 \u0437\u0435\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u0437\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0440\u0435\u0444\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0438 \u0432\u044a\u0440\u0445\u0443 \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0443\u0445 \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430.<br \/>\u2013 \u0421\u043b\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u0438\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u043f\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0430\u0440\u0445\u0430\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e; \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e \u0432\u044a\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b; \u0432\u044a\u0437\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u0436\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0435\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0432 \u0438\u0434\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430 \u0445\u0430\u0440\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f; \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0438\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0437\u0438 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0431\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0439-\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0448\u0430 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d \u0443\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0445 (\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0443\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0445).<br \/>\u2013 \u041f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e-\u0433\u0435\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0437\u0435\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u0442\u044f\u0445\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u044a\u0440\u0445\u0443 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0430\u0440\u0445\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0441\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043d\u0438\u043d&nbsp; \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0449\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0430\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0438 \u0438 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043d \u0441\u043c\u0438\u0441\u044a\u043b.<br \/>\u0417\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u0430 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0441\u044a\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u044f\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0425\u0430\u0434\u0436\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0431\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e-\u043f\u0441\u0438\u0445\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438&#8230;<br \/><em><br \/>Keywords:<\/em> life, spirituality, nation, national values, patriarchal society, labor<\/p>\n<p><strong>SPECIFIC FEATEATURES OF THE EMPLOYMENT OF BULGARIAN PEASANTS ERA OF PATPATPATRIARCHY AND THEIR IMPORTANCETANCE <br \/>IN SHAPING THE WORLDVIEW OF BULGARIAN SOCIETY AS IVANVAN HADZHIYSKI IN \u201eCUSTOMSSTOMS AND SPIRIT OF OUR PEASANTS\u201c<\/strong><br \/><strong><br \/>Abstract. <\/strong>\u201eCustoms and Spirit of Our Peasants\u201c as an attempt to self-awareness \u2013 the influence of social and environmental conditions on which peasant work<br \/> has accomplished on the formation of their values and ideals<br \/>\u2013 The development of tenure possessive attitude in Bulgarian society; the lack of land tenure in the primordial social and historical timelessness; the emergence of collective and private land tenure and social relations breed from this process affect the Bulgarian national spirit.<br \/>\u2013 Weak labor differentiation in patriarchal society; changes in work activities, mainly differentiated by age and gender; perception and transmission of employment experience of living in idyllic harmony generations; the diligence is raised as the highest value in achieving personal and social success (or failure), in these conditions.<br \/>\u2013 Natural geographical features of our lands and their impact on employment of the Bulgarian patriarchal peasant and saturation of the anthropology natural processes and phenomena sense of values.<br \/>For the need of constant updating and compliance to Bulgarian labor and psychological characteristics, presented by Ivan Hadzhiyski\u2026<br \/><strong><br \/>Georgi Hadjiyski<\/strong><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/georgihadjiyski.blog.bg;\">http:\/\/georgihadjiyski.blog.bg;<\/a><br \/>e-mail: <a href=\"mailto:georgih@dir.bg\">georgih@dir.bg<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#top\"><em>\u043d\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0435<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong><a name=\"art12\">&nbsp;<\/a>\u041f\u0420\u041e\u0411\u041b\u0415\u041c\u042a\u0422 \u0417\u0410 \u0422\u042f\u041b\u041e\u0422\u041e \u041c\u0415\u0416\u0414\u0423 \u0421\u041c\u042a\u0420\u0422\u0422\u0410\u0422\u0422\u0410 \u0418 \u0411\u0415\u0417\u0421\u041c\u042a\u0420\u0422\u0418\u0415\u0422\u041e<\/strong><br \/><strong><br \/>Veselina Slavova<\/strong><br \/><em>\u041c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442<\/em><br \/><em>\u201e\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0444. \u0434-\u0440 \u041f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0435\u0432 \u0421\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043e\u0432\u201e, \u0412\u0430\u0440\u043d\u0430<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u0420\u0435\u0437\u044e\u043c\u0435. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044a\u0442 \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u043c\u044a\u0440\u0442\u0442\u0430 \u0435 \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d \u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0439-\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u0444\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0444\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430. \u0412\u0441\u044f\u043a\u0430 \u0435\u043f\u043e\u0445\u0430 \u0441\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u044f \u0431\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0433 \u0432\u044a\u0440\u0445\u0443 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e. \u0412 \u0441\u044a\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0444\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0444\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043c\u044a\u0440\u0442\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u0432\u044a\u0432 \u0432\u0440\u044a\u0437\u043a\u0430 \u0441 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0437\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0443\u0431\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0442\u0430, \u0437\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0438 \u0441 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u044f, \u0437\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0442\u0430 \u0432 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0441. \u041a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0440\u043e\u043b\u044f \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0437\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0438 \u0438\u043c\u0430 \u0442\u044f\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043e. \u0422\u043e \u0441\u0435 \u044f\u0432\u044f\u0432\u0430 \u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u0432 \u0441\u044a\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0438 \u0438 differentia specifica, \u043a\u043e\u044f\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u044a\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0449\u043e, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u044a\u043b\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0442 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0442\u0435.<br \/>\u041e\u0441\u044a\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043c\u044a\u0440\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0431\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0435. \u0422\u043e \u0435, \u043e\u0442 \u0435\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0442 \u0437\u0430 \u0431\u044f\u0433\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e, \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0445, \u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0432 \u0441\u044a\u0449\u043e\u0442\u043e, \u0438\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u044a\u0434 \u0442\u044a\u0436\u0434\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u201e\u0441\u0435\u0431\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u201c \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0434\u043e \u0430\u0432\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e \u201e\u0441\u044a\u043c \u0441 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0442\u0435\u201c. \u0412 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0430 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043c\u044a\u0440\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0442\u044f\u043b\u043e, \u043b\u0443\u0442\u0430\u0449\u043e \u0441\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0445\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u043c\u044a\u0440\u0442\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0430 \u0431\u044a\u0434\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u0441\u043c\u044a\u0440\u0442\u043d\u043e.<br \/><em><br \/>Keywords:<\/em> body, dead, phenomenology, alterity, otherness<\/p>\n<p><strong>THE ISSUE OF THE BODY BETWEEN DEATHEATH AND IMMORTATALITY<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract.<\/strong> The issue of death is one of the most frequently interpreted by philosophy. Each era puts its own stamp on it. In contemporary philosophy, death is interpreted in connection with the topics about constituting subjectivity, about our relationship with the other, about allowing alterity in ourselves. The Body plays a key role in the discussion of these topics. It appears both as an accidental presence in our existence, and as differentia specifica, which defines us precisely as this existing one, completely different from the others. The realisation of mortality lays the foundations to our being. It is on one hand, an attempt to escape, a sense of fear, and on the other, going beyond the identity of the self and coming closer to the authenticity of being one with the others. This article describes the modes of the mortal body, wandering between <br \/>the fear of death and the desire to be immortal.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Veselina Slavova<\/strong><br \/>Medical University \u2013 Varna \u201eProf. Dr. P. Stoyanov\u201c<br \/>55, \u201eM. Drinov\u201c st.<br \/>9002, Varna, Bulgaria<br \/>E-mail: <a href=\"mailto:veselina_slavova@abv.bg\">veselina_slavova@abv.bg<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#top\"><em>\u043d\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0435<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong><a name=\"art13\">&nbsp;<\/a>\u041d\u0410\u0413\u041b\u0415\u0414\u041d\u041e\u0421\u0422\u0422\u0410 \u0412 \u041e\u0411\u0423\u0427\u0415\u041d\u0418\u0415\u0422\u041e \u041f\u041e \u0424\u0418\u041b\u041e\u0421\u041e\u0424\u0418\u042f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0418\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0434\u0430 \u041c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract.<\/strong> \u0418\u0437\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0432\u044a\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0444\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u043e-\u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043e, \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043d\u043e \u0438 \u0443\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u043c\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u2013 <br \/>\u043a\u0430\u043a \u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0435 \u043f\u043e-\u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u043d\u043e \u0430\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438\u0442\u0435, \u0441\u044a\u0434\u044a\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0449\u0438 \u0441\u0435 \u0432\u044a\u0432 \u0444\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0444\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435?<br \/>\u041c\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u043b\u0438 \u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0442 \u0432 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0449\u0435 \u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u044a\u0440\u043d\u0435 \u201e\u0441\u0443\u0445\u043e\u0442\u043e\u201c \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e \u0432 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043d \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0435\u0437\u0438\u043a? \u041a\u0430\u043a \u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0433\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044a\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e <br \/>\u043f\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0430 \u201e\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0442\u043e\u201c \u0444\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0444\u0441\u043a\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435? \u041a\u0430\u043a\u0432\u0438 \u0441\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0440\u0438\u0441\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0432\u0438 \u0441\u043c\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442 \u0442\u0435? <br \/>\u041e\u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u044f\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0440 \u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u043a\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u0412\u044a\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e-\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e <br \/>\u043c\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u044f\u0431\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0431\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442 \u0441 \u0442\u0435\u0437\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0444\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0444\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0430\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u2013 \u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u044a\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440. \u0421\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0431\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 <br \/>\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0447\u0435 \u0435 \u0441\u0443\u0431\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0430, \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0432\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0430.<\/p>\n<p><em>Keywords:<\/em> abstraction, symbol, sign, drawing, word, space, time, eternity, sense, visuals<\/p>\n<p><strong>THE ROLE OF VISUALS IN TEACHING PHILOSOPHY<\/strong><br \/><strong><br \/>Abstract.<\/strong> The exhibition provides Philosophy teachers with the opportunity to find ways for improving their work by making it more interesting <br \/>and easier to comprehend \u2013 how to teach students abstract ideas contained in the knowledge of Philosophy? Is it possible for a secondary school teacher <br \/>to transform the scholastic language into an attractive symbolic one? How does the overall knowledge of the world help the comprehensible teaching <br \/>of the profound and incomprehensible philosophic knowledge? What are the origins of graphic drawings and what meanings do they hide? Mastering <br \/>the emulative manner of art can provoke the creating of meta-knowledge. The capabilities of the demonstrative-figurative thinking have to merge <br \/>with the ones of the philosophic abstractions \u2013 this is a way to make knowledge complete. The level of combining is a subjective, time-related and a space-limited one.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ilinida Markova<\/strong><br \/>Master of Philosophy and preschool Education<br \/>Teacher of Philosophy<br \/>The National Secondary School<br \/>of Humanities and Arts \u201eKonstantin Preslavski\u201c<br \/>20, Atanas Georgiev Blvd.<br \/>9000, Varna, Bulgaria<br \/>e-mail: <a href=\"mailto:ida.markova@gmail.com\">ida.markova@gmail.com<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#top\"><em>\u043d\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0435<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp;\u0421\u042a\u0414\u042a\u0420\u0416\u0410\u041d\u0418\u0415 \/ CONTENTS \u0421\u042a\u0417\u041d\u0410\u041d\u0418\u0415\u0422\u041e \/ THE CONSCIOUSNESS\u0421\u044a\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435 [Consciousness and Time] \/ \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044a\u0440 \u0410\u043d\u0434\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432 \/ Alexander Andonov &#8211; \u0441\u0442\u0440. 139 \u0425\u0435\u0433\u0435\u043b \u0438 \u041b\u0435\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0441 \u0437\u0430 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0410\u0437\u0430 [Hegel \u0430nd Levinas About the Alter Ego] \/ \u041c\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0414\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430 \/ Maria Dimitrova &#8211; \u0441\u0442\u0440.&nbsp; 144 \u201e\u0412\u044a\u0437\u043f\u044f\u0432\u0430\u043c \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0442\u044f\u043b\u043e\u201c [\u201eI Sing the Body Electric\u201c] \/\u0410\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u041a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0433\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0435\u0432\u0430 \/ [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":[],"jnews_primary_category":[]},"categories":[2888],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.7 - 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