{"id":224854,"date":"2026-03-10T09:58:22","date_gmt":"2026-03-10T07:58:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/?p=224854"},"modified":"2026-03-12T15:53:48","modified_gmt":"2026-03-12T13:53:48","slug":"osmanskite-publichni-finansi-prez-xviii-xx-vek-vaprosi-otgovori-i-perspektivi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mathinfo.azbuki.bg\/en\/stopanska-istoriya-na-balgarite-v-osmanskata-imperiya-t-2\/osmanskite-publichni-finansi-prez-xviii-xx-vek-vaprosi-otgovori-i-perspektivi\/","title":{"rendered":"Ottoman Public Finance in the 18th to 20th Centuries: Questions, Answers, and Perspectives"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"mailto:hatanasov@unwe.bg\"><strong>Hristiyan Atanasov<\/strong><\/a>,<br \/>\nAssociate Professor, PhD<br \/>\nPolitical Economy Department<br \/>\nUniversity of National and World Economy<br \/>\n8th of December Blvd.<br \/>\n1700 Sofia BULGARIA<br \/>\nE-mail: <a href=\"mailto:hatanasov@unwe.bg\">hatanasov@unwe.bg<\/a><br \/>\nSCOPUS Researcher ID: 57214897461<br \/>\nWeb of Science Researcher ID: AAW-6367-2020<br \/>\nhttps:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3701-0387<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-146829\" src=\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/pdf-icon.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"32\" height=\"40\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mathinfo.azbuki.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/pdf-icon.jpg 1532w, https:\/\/mathinfo.azbuki.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/pdf-icon-239x300.jpg 239w, https:\/\/mathinfo.azbuki.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/pdf-icon-817x1024.jpg 817w, https:\/\/mathinfo.azbuki.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/pdf-icon-768x963.jpg 768w, https:\/\/mathinfo.azbuki.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/pdf-icon-1226x1536.jpg 1226w, https:\/\/mathinfo.azbuki.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/pdf-icon-750x940.jpg 750w, https:\/\/mathinfo.azbuki.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/pdf-icon-1140x1429.jpg 1140w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 32px) 100vw, 32px\" \/><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #ff2600;\">\u0421\u044a\u0434\u044a\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044a\u043f\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e \u0437\u0430 \u0430\u0431\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Pages: 15 \u2013 70\u00a0 |\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53656\/978-619-7667-81-3-v2.01\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53656\/978-619-7667-81-3-v2.01<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract.<\/strong> Public finance is a crucial aspect of understanding the broader economic framework within which the population of Ottoman Bulgaria developed its economic activities, whether in agriculture, industry, or other sectors. This study explores the evolution of the Ottoman monetary system from the 18th to the 20th century. At the beginning of this period, the Ottoman authorities frequently devalued coins to meet their budgetary needs. However, after the adoption of the gold and silver standard in 1844, with fixed coin purity and metal ratios, such instruments became impractical. Instead, the Ottoman government turned to alternative methods of financing, including printing paper money, issuing bonds, and taking on debt in both domestic and international markets. The establishment of the Ottoman Bank in Istanbul played a significant role during this period. Operating as a quasi-state bank, it provided loans to the government, effectively supporting the fiscal system and influencing the empire\u2018s financial stability.<\/p>\n<p>Considerable attention is given to the Ottoman tax system, particularly its reforms during the Tanzimat period. It was during this time that central budgets, in a more modern sense of the term, began to be formulated. Ottoman budgetary policy is examined on two levels \u2013 central and provincial \u2013 highlighting and analyzing the differing trends in revenues and expenditures. This analysis is supported by statistics derived from both published and unpublished sources. A significant portion of information comes from Ottoman provincial statistical yearbooks (the salnameler) of the 1860s and 1870s, as well as the tevzi defter, records of revenue and expenditure from the city of Vidin in the 18th century. An effort is made to address, albeit not definitively, the extent to which tax revenues were retained or returned and spent locally. Such an approach provides a clearer understanding and evaluation of Ottoman fiscal policy, shedding light on its economic and social impacts at both the local and empire-wide levels.<\/p>\n<p><em>Keywords:<\/em> Ottoman Empire; budgets; public finance; central and local revenues and expenditures<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hristiyan Atanasov, Associate Professor, PhD Political Economy Department University of National and World Economy 8th of December Blvd. 1700 Sofia BULGARIA E-mail: hatanasov@unwe.bg SCOPUS Researcher ID: 57214897461 Web of Science Researcher ID: AAW-6367-2020 https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3701-0387 Pages: 15 \u2013 70\u00a0 |\u00a0 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53656\/978-619-7667-81-3-v2.01 Abstract. Public finance is a crucial aspect of understanding the broader economic framework within which [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":124332423427287,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":[],"jnews_primary_category":[]},"categories":[16904],"tags":[16977,16979,6490,16978],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u041e\u0441\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0444\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437 XVIII \u2013 XX \u0432\u0435\u043a. \u0412\u044a\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0438, \u043e\u0442\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0438 - \u0410\u0437-\u0431\u0443\u043a\u0438<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/stopanska-istoriya-na-balgarite-v-osmanskata-imperiya-t-2\/osmanskite-publichni-finansi-prez-xviii-xx-vek-vaprosi-otgovori-i-perspektivi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u041e\u0441\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0444\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437 XVIII \u2013 XX \u0432\u0435\u043a. \u0412\u044a\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0438, \u043e\u0442\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0438 - \u0410\u0437-\u0431\u0443\u043a\u0438\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Hristiyan Atanasov, Associate Professor, PhD Political Economy Department University of National and World Economy 8th of December Blvd. 1700 Sofia BULGARIA E-mail: hatanasov@unwe.bg SCOPUS Researcher ID: 57214897461 Web of Science Researcher ID: AAW-6367-2020 https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3701-0387 Pages: 15 \u2013 70\u00a0 |\u00a0 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53656\/978-619-7667-81-3-v2.01 Abstract. Public finance is a crucial aspect of understanding the broader economic framework within which [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/stopanska-istoriya-na-balgarite-v-osmanskata-imperiya-t-2\/osmanskite-publichni-finansi-prez-xviii-xx-vek-vaprosi-otgovori-i-perspektivi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"\u0410\u0437-\u0431\u0443\u043a\u0438\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Azbuki55\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-03-10T07:58:22+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-03-12T13:53:48+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/pdf-icon.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"\u201e\u0410\u0437-\u0431\u0443\u043a\u0438\u201c\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"\u201e\u0410\u0437-\u0431\u0443\u043a\u0438\u201c\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/stopanska-istoriya-na-balgarite-v-osmanskata-imperiya-t-2\/osmanskite-publichni-finansi-prez-xviii-xx-vek-vaprosi-otgovori-i-perspektivi\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/stopanska-istoriya-na-balgarite-v-osmanskata-imperiya-t-2\/osmanskite-publichni-finansi-prez-xviii-xx-vek-vaprosi-otgovori-i-perspektivi\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"\u201e\u0410\u0437-\u0431\u0443\u043a\u0438\u201c\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/vocedu.azbuki.bg\/#\/schema\/person\/de220d282eaa494f914ce0fd838645dd\"},\"headline\":\"\u041e\u0441\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0444\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437 XVIII \u2013 XX \u0432\u0435\u043a. \u0412\u044a\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0438, \u043e\u0442\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0438\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-03-10T07:58:22+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-03-12T13:53:48+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/stopanska-istoriya-na-balgarite-v-osmanskata-imperiya-t-2\/osmanskite-publichni-finansi-prez-xviii-xx-vek-vaprosi-otgovori-i-perspektivi\/\"},\"wordCount\":424,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/vocedu.azbuki.bg\/#organization\"},\"keywords\":[\"budgets\",\"central and local revenues and expenditures\",\"Ottoman empire\",\"public finance\"],\"articleSection\":[\"\u0421\u0442\u043e\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0432 \u041e\u0441\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0438\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f \u2013 \u0442. 2\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/stopanska-istoriya-na-balgarite-v-osmanskata-imperiya-t-2\/osmanskite-publichni-finansi-prez-xviii-xx-vek-vaprosi-otgovori-i-perspektivi\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/stopanska-istoriya-na-balgarite-v-osmanskata-imperiya-t-2\/osmanskite-publichni-finansi-prez-xviii-xx-vek-vaprosi-otgovori-i-perspektivi\/\",\"name\":\"\u041e\u0441\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0444\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437 XVIII \u2013 XX \u0432\u0435\u043a. \u0412\u044a\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0438, \u043e\u0442\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0438 - \u0410\u0437-\u0431\u0443\u043a\u0438\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/vocedu.azbuki.bg\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2026-03-10T07:58:22+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-03-12T13:53:48+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/stopanska-istoriya-na-balgarite-v-osmanskata-imperiya-t-2\/osmanskite-publichni-finansi-prez-xviii-xx-vek-vaprosi-otgovori-i-perspektivi\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/stopanska-istoriya-na-balgarite-v-osmanskata-imperiya-t-2\/osmanskite-publichni-finansi-prez-xviii-xx-vek-vaprosi-otgovori-i-perspektivi\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/stopanska-istoriya-na-balgarite-v-osmanskata-imperiya-t-2\/osmanskite-publichni-finansi-prez-xviii-xx-vek-vaprosi-otgovori-i-perspektivi\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/mathinfo.azbuki.bg\/en\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"\u041e\u0441\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0444\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437 XVIII \u2013 XX \u0432\u0435\u043a. \u0412\u044a\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0438, \u043e\u0442\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0438\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/vocedu.azbuki.bg\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/vocedu.azbuki.bg\/\",\"name\":\"\u0410\u0437-\u0431\u0443\u043a\u0438\",\"description\":\"\u041d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0437\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0430\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/vocedu.azbuki.bg\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/vocedu.azbuki.bg\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/vocedu.azbuki.bg\/#organization\",\"name\":\"\u0410\u0437-\u0431\u0443\u043a\u0438\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/vocedu.azbuki.bg\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/vocedu.azbuki.bg\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/logo-azbuki-e1580374651845.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/logo-azbuki-e1580374651845.png\",\"width\":250,\"height\":70,\"caption\":\"\u0410\u0437-\u0431\u0443\u043a\u0438\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/vocedu.azbuki.bg\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Azbuki55\/\",\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/nion_azbuki\/\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/vocedu.azbuki.bg\/#\/schema\/person\/de220d282eaa494f914ce0fd838645dd\",\"name\":\"\u201e\u0410\u0437-\u0431\u0443\u043a\u0438\u201c\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/vocedu.azbuki.bg\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/d08ccbd951212deb604aa2d403575d4e?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/d08ccbd951212deb604aa2d403575d4e?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"\u201e\u0410\u0437-\u0431\u0443\u043a\u0438\u201c\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/\"],\"url\":\"https:\/\/mathinfo.azbuki.bg\/en\/author\/azbuki_ekip\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"\u041e\u0441\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0444\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437 XVIII \u2013 XX \u0432\u0435\u043a. \u0412\u044a\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0438, \u043e\u0442\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0438 - \u0410\u0437-\u0431\u0443\u043a\u0438","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/stopanska-istoriya-na-balgarite-v-osmanskata-imperiya-t-2\/osmanskite-publichni-finansi-prez-xviii-xx-vek-vaprosi-otgovori-i-perspektivi\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"\u041e\u0441\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0444\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437 XVIII \u2013 XX \u0432\u0435\u043a. \u0412\u044a\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0438, \u043e\u0442\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0438 - \u0410\u0437-\u0431\u0443\u043a\u0438","og_description":"Hristiyan Atanasov, Associate Professor, PhD Political Economy Department University of National and World Economy 8th of December Blvd. 1700 Sofia BULGARIA E-mail: hatanasov@unwe.bg SCOPUS Researcher ID: 57214897461 Web of Science Researcher ID: AAW-6367-2020 https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3701-0387 Pages: 15 \u2013 70\u00a0 |\u00a0 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53656\/978-619-7667-81-3-v2.01 Abstract. Public finance is a crucial aspect of understanding the broader economic framework within which [&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/stopanska-istoriya-na-balgarite-v-osmanskata-imperiya-t-2\/osmanskite-publichni-finansi-prez-xviii-xx-vek-vaprosi-otgovori-i-perspektivi\/","og_site_name":"\u0410\u0437-\u0431\u0443\u043a\u0438","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Azbuki55\/","article_published_time":"2026-03-10T07:58:22+00:00","article_modified_time":"2026-03-12T13:53:48+00:00","og_image":[{"url":"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/pdf-icon.jpg"}],"author":"\u201e\u0410\u0437-\u0431\u0443\u043a\u0438\u201c","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"\u201e\u0410\u0437-\u0431\u0443\u043a\u0438\u201c","Est. reading time":"2 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/stopanska-istoriya-na-balgarite-v-osmanskata-imperiya-t-2\/osmanskite-publichni-finansi-prez-xviii-xx-vek-vaprosi-otgovori-i-perspektivi\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/stopanska-istoriya-na-balgarite-v-osmanskata-imperiya-t-2\/osmanskite-publichni-finansi-prez-xviii-xx-vek-vaprosi-otgovori-i-perspektivi\/"},"author":{"name":"\u201e\u0410\u0437-\u0431\u0443\u043a\u0438\u201c","@id":"https:\/\/vocedu.azbuki.bg\/#\/schema\/person\/de220d282eaa494f914ce0fd838645dd"},"headline":"\u041e\u0441\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0444\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437 XVIII \u2013 XX \u0432\u0435\u043a. \u0412\u044a\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0438, \u043e\u0442\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0438","datePublished":"2026-03-10T07:58:22+00:00","dateModified":"2026-03-12T13:53:48+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/stopanska-istoriya-na-balgarite-v-osmanskata-imperiya-t-2\/osmanskite-publichni-finansi-prez-xviii-xx-vek-vaprosi-otgovori-i-perspektivi\/"},"wordCount":424,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/vocedu.azbuki.bg\/#organization"},"keywords":["budgets","central and local revenues and expenditures","Ottoman empire","public finance"],"articleSection":["\u0421\u0442\u043e\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0432 \u041e\u0441\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0438\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f \u2013 \u0442. 2"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/stopanska-istoriya-na-balgarite-v-osmanskata-imperiya-t-2\/osmanskite-publichni-finansi-prez-xviii-xx-vek-vaprosi-otgovori-i-perspektivi\/","url":"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/stopanska-istoriya-na-balgarite-v-osmanskata-imperiya-t-2\/osmanskite-publichni-finansi-prez-xviii-xx-vek-vaprosi-otgovori-i-perspektivi\/","name":"\u041e\u0441\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0444\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437 XVIII \u2013 XX \u0432\u0435\u043a. \u0412\u044a\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0438, \u043e\u0442\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0438 - \u0410\u0437-\u0431\u0443\u043a\u0438","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/vocedu.azbuki.bg\/#website"},"datePublished":"2026-03-10T07:58:22+00:00","dateModified":"2026-03-12T13:53:48+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/stopanska-istoriya-na-balgarite-v-osmanskata-imperiya-t-2\/osmanskite-publichni-finansi-prez-xviii-xx-vek-vaprosi-otgovori-i-perspektivi\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/stopanska-istoriya-na-balgarite-v-osmanskata-imperiya-t-2\/osmanskite-publichni-finansi-prez-xviii-xx-vek-vaprosi-otgovori-i-perspektivi\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/stopanska-istoriya-na-balgarite-v-osmanskata-imperiya-t-2\/osmanskite-publichni-finansi-prez-xviii-xx-vek-vaprosi-otgovori-i-perspektivi\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/mathinfo.azbuki.bg\/en\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"\u041e\u0441\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0444\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437 XVIII \u2013 XX \u0432\u0435\u043a. \u0412\u044a\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0438, \u043e\u0442\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0438"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/vocedu.azbuki.bg\/#website","url":"https:\/\/vocedu.azbuki.bg\/","name":"\u0410\u0437-\u0431\u0443\u043a\u0438","description":"\u041d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0437\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0430","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/vocedu.azbuki.bg\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/vocedu.azbuki.bg\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/vocedu.azbuki.bg\/#organization","name":"\u0410\u0437-\u0431\u0443\u043a\u0438","url":"https:\/\/vocedu.azbuki.bg\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/vocedu.azbuki.bg\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/logo-azbuki-e1580374651845.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/logo-azbuki-e1580374651845.png","width":250,"height":70,"caption":"\u0410\u0437-\u0431\u0443\u043a\u0438"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/vocedu.azbuki.bg\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Azbuki55\/","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/nion_azbuki\/"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/vocedu.azbuki.bg\/#\/schema\/person\/de220d282eaa494f914ce0fd838645dd","name":"\u201e\u0410\u0437-\u0431\u0443\u043a\u0438\u201c","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/vocedu.azbuki.bg\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/d08ccbd951212deb604aa2d403575d4e?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/d08ccbd951212deb604aa2d403575d4e?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"\u201e\u0410\u0437-\u0431\u0443\u043a\u0438\u201c"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/"],"url":"https:\/\/mathinfo.azbuki.bg\/en\/author\/azbuki_ekip\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mathinfo.azbuki.bg\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/224854"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mathinfo.azbuki.bg\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mathinfo.azbuki.bg\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mathinfo.azbuki.bg\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/124332423427287"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mathinfo.azbuki.bg\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=224854"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/mathinfo.azbuki.bg\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/224854\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":225189,"href":"https:\/\/mathinfo.azbuki.bg\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/224854\/revisions\/225189"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mathinfo.azbuki.bg\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=224854"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mathinfo.azbuki.bg\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=224854"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mathinfo.azbuki.bg\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=224854"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}